How Many Hours Can a 16-Year-Old Work in Ohio?

Understanding the legal requirements when hiring teen employees is crucial for Ohio businesses. How many hours can a 16 year old work in Ohio? This question needs to be clarified by many employers and parents alike. Under state and federal child labor laws, 16-year-olds are permitted to work, but specific restrictions apply depending on whether school is in session. At Dyer, Garofalo, Mann & Schultz, we aim to help employers and families confidently navigate these regulations.

What’s Considered as a Minor?

Under Ohio law, a “minor” is any individual under 18. However, there are further distinctions based on age groups. For instance, minors aged 16 and 17 are subject to fewer restrictions compared to younger teens, such as those aged 14 or 15. This means that 16-year-olds have broader opportunities in terms of permissible working hours and types of employment.

Some exceptions exist where 16- and 17-year-olds are treated differently under state law. These exceptions include working in hazardous environments, such as operating heavy machinery, mining, or specific manufacturing jobs, which are strictly prohibited regardless of age. Employers must also ensure they follow both Ohio state and federal labor laws to avoid penalties.

how many hours can a 16 year old work in ohio

How Many Hours Can a 16-Year-Old Work in Ohio?

The number of hours a 16-year-old can work depends on whether school is in session. Ohio law is designed to balance teen employment with the importance of education, setting specific limits during school weeks and breaks.

During School Weeks:
1. Daily Limits: 16-year-olds can work up to 4 hours daily on school days and up to 8 hours on non-school days (such as weekends).
2. Weekly Limits: A 16-year-old cannot work more than 28 hours per week during school. This ensures teens can focus on their studies while gaining work experience.
3. Time Restrictions: Work must occur outside of school hours, and shifts cannot begin before 7 a.m. or extend past 7 p.m.
During Non-School Weeks (e.g., Summer Break):
When school is not in session, the rules are more flexible. A 16-year-old can work up to 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week, with no restrictions on the time of day shifts.

Employers should know that Ohio and federal child labor laws apply and must follow stricter standards when discrepancies arise. By adhering to these limits, employers not only comply with the law but also help teens balance work and personal growth.

Additionally, teens who work beyond these hour restrictions could unintentionally expose businesses to fines or legal challenges. Monitoring schedules is critical for compliance and maintaining a safe, legal work environment.

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Do Minors Need a Work Permit?

Yes, minors under 18 are required to have a work permit in Ohio, including 16-year-olds. Work permits ensure teens are employed legally and safely while complying with state and federal child labor laws. Here’s how the process works:

Secure Employment: A minor must have a job offer before obtaining a permit. The employer completes a section of the work permit form, including details about the job title and duties.
School District Approval: Minors must submit the completed form to their school or school district office. The school verifies their age using documents like a birth certificate or state ID and ensures a parent or guardian has signed the form.
Medical Certification (if needed): Some school districts may require a doctor’s note to confirm the minor is fit for the job, which the minor must submit along with the application.

Employers must retain the work permit on file for as long as the teen is employed. If a minor switches jobs, a new authorization must be obtained.

Failing to secure permits can lead to penalties, including fines and audits by the Ohio Department of Commerce. Employers must prioritize compliance to avoid these risks.

What Are the Break Requirements for Minors?

Ohio law recognizes the importance of providing breaks to protect the well-being of teen workers. Employers must provide a 30-minute uninterrupted break for any minor who works more than 5 consecutive hours.

This requirement ensures minors have adequate time to rest and recharge during their shifts. Breaks must be completely duty-free, meaning the teen cannot be required to work or perform any job-related tasks during this period. Failure to provide legally mandated breaks can expose employers to penalties and potential lawsuits.

It’s worth noting that some employers voluntarily provide shorter breaks throughout a shift in addition to the mandatory 30-minute break to foster a supportive and productive work environment. While not required, this practice can help businesses build a reputation as teen-friendly employers.

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Need Guidance? Contact Our Experienced Attorneys to Know More About Your Worker’s Rights Today

Understanding Ohio’s labor laws for teen workers is essential to staying compliant and avoiding costly legal issues. Whether you’re a small business owner hiring your first teen employee or a parent with questions about your child’s rights, the legal team at Dyer, Garofalo, Mann & Schultz is here to help. Our experienced attorneys can guide you through state and federal requirements with ease.

Don’t risk noncompliance—contact us today for personalized advice and expert legal assistance!

Before establishing Dyer, Garofalo, Mann & Schultz L.P.A., Doug Mann, a top Ohio Injury Attorney served as a bodily injury claims adjuster at a major insurance firm. With over 40+ years of experience, Doug’s background has proven invaluable in securing maximum cash settlements for his clients swiftly. Since leaving the insurance industry, Doug has devoted his entire legal career to assisting injured clients during their times of greatest need.